- South Korea’s Ministry of Strategy and Finance rejected funding for K1 tank cooling upgrades despite dangerous internal heat levels.
- Testing showed tank interiors reached 50°C in one hour without air conditioning, risking soldier safety and combat readiness.
South Korea’s Ministry of Strategy and Finance has rejected the entire proposed budget for upgrading K1 tanks with air conditioning and positive pressure systems, despite internal temperatures reaching up to 50°C (122°F) during summer field evaluations.
According to a briefing obtained by Rep. Yoo Yong-won of the National Assembly’s National Defense Committee, during a test of the K1 performance upgrade program, tank interiors reached extreme temperatures after just one hour of operation in 35°C (95°F) ambient heat.
The report, submitted by the Ministry of National Defense, stated that with a cooling system installed, the interior temperature could be reduced to around 22°C (72°F).
The K1E1 tank performance improvement plan, which includes the installation of air conditioning and other life-support systems, had been developed to address these risks. However, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance denied the funding based on a standing policy to prioritize advanced defense capabilities and reduce investment in conventional forces.
In a statement, Rep. Yoo criticized the decision, saying, “Creating a safe and livable environment inside tanks is directly linked to the survival and rights of our troops, as well as to the basic requirements for maintaining combat readiness.”
The K1 main battle tank, operated since the 1980s, makes up approximately 58% of all tanks across the South Korean military, with more than 1,000 units in service. Despite their central role in national defense, many of these vehicles still rely on decades-old equipment.
The report also noted that roughly 44% of K1 tanks are currently unable to target threats beyond two kilometers due to degradation in 30-year-old imported gunner sight systems. These systems are no longer supported by replacement parts, further complicating maintenance and operational readiness.
Rep. Yoo also referenced the 2018 extreme heatwave, when the Ministry of Strategy and Finance approved emergency funding to install air conditioners in all military barracks. That decision was widely seen as a successful and timely intervention.
“This summer’s record-breaking heat and tropical nights again tested the endurance of our soldiers,” Yoo added. “While we are focused on drones and high-tech combat systems, we cannot neglect the basic needs that ensure the safety and operational effectiveness of our forces.”
The Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) had advocated for the upgrades, citing both health concerns and the need to sustain the combat viability of the aging K1 fleet.
With continued delays in funding, the readiness of Korea’s armored forces may be affected, particularly under extreme weather conditions.
No updated timeline has been provided for when or if the cooling upgrade program will be revisited.